Author : Hamadou Daouda
Abstract
In Niger, since the promulgation of the national charter and its publication in the Official Gazette on March 31, 2025, the debate surrounding Article 12 has dominated public opinion. According to this article, 10 of the 11 existing national languages became "spoken languages." Only Haoussa retained its status as a national language, while French was relegated to the status of a working language, on par with English, which had no legal status prior to this date. Consequently, interpretations of this provision of the country's new Fundamental Law have proliferated, demonstrating a latent dissension among different social strata. Undoubtedly, in a multilingual context, language policies have repercussions on the life and/or status of languages, and they also significantly impact relations between different communities. This article therefore aims to examine the sociolinguistic and sociopsychological consequences within the various ethnolinguistic groups present in the country.
Keywords : Article 12, national language, linguistics, multilingual, Niger
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Title: Ishmael Reed’s Mumbo Jumbo: A Postcolonial Reading
Author : Soro Dolourou
Abstract
This work proposes to interpret Mumbo Jumbo as Ishmael Reed's postcolonial discourse against powerful entities which seek to oppress, control and maintain the status quo in the world and particularly in America. Grounded in key postcolonial concepts such as colonial discourse, colonialist ideology, otherness, cultural resistance and decolonization, this article reveals how Reed equates the Black American world with a sphere that is still crumbling under the yoke of oppression and Western imperialism and how the latter articulates its liberation struggle. So, on the one hand, the study argues that the black American world is still viewed as a colony inside the United States, and that it has to face the Atonists’ colonialist psychology or ideology coupled with an unabated colonial discourse, all of which is intended to establish whites’ cultural hegemony while demeaning black people. On the other hand, it focuses on the cultural resistance and decolonization efforts orchestrated by black Americans through the emergence of powerful cultural structures such as Jes Grew, the VooDoo and the Mu’tafikah. But above all the work shows that Mumbo Jumbo is the locus where multiple voices and stories are authorized.
Keywords: Colonial discourse, Colonialist psychology, Cultural Resistance, Jes Grew, Decolonization, Atonism
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Title : Représentation symbolique des images dans les proverbes balant
Author: Jules Mansaly
Abstract
This study discusses the symbolic representation of images in Balanta proverbs, a linguistic community living in Middle Casamance in southern Senegal, Gambia, and Guinea-Bissau. It attempts to identify the symbols used in Balanta proverbs in order to elucidate the social realities they evoke. These images are drawn from nature, daily activities, and the spiritual world. They are more than mere rhetorical embellishments; they convey moral truths, allow criticism and advice to be expressed indirectly, preserving community harmony. The study contributes to the documentation and promotion of this knowledge and demonstrates that Balanta proverbs constitute a vital way of thinking, conveying a collective intelligence that sheds light on how meaning and knowledge can be created and transmitted in human societies.
Keywords: Balanta proverbs, symbols, culture, paremiology
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Title : Le hijab : recommandation divine ou mode au Sénégal ?
Author : Aminata Camara
Abstract
This research studies the hijab wearing in Senegal. The objective of this research is to analyze the reason and the practice of wearing hijab.
The analytical approach collects information through the survey and interviews, on Senegalese conception on the hijab wearing. Also, the book’s consultation on the hijab will light our uncertainties.
This study brings out that in Senegal, the hijab wearing is a divine recommendation. But nowadays, the young ladies view this like a fashion. Despite the important number of Muslims, the hijab is worn by a tiny part of population. This state of affairs is generated by Western influence through social network.
Keyswords: hijab, divine, fashion, Senegal
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Authors : Alioune Willane, Raymond Bouré Ndong
Abstract
In Black Africa as in White Africa — particularly in the Maghreb — narratives emerging from the margins seem increasingly to be gaining traction, revealing deep-seated tensions within contemporary cultural experience. Essentialism is becoming more pronounced, while anti-dogmatism is turning into a defining marker — a discourse that exposes a civilization that has grown less compassionate and increasingly inclined toward social exclusion shaped by reductive cliches. This thematic study therefore examines the construction of marginality and social confinement. Above all, it explores the central figure that Lukács so aptly termed the ‘problematic hero.’ Through Toiles d’araignées by the Malian writer Ibrahima Ly and Le Mariage de plaisir by the Franco-Moroccan Goncourt laureate Tahar Ben Jelloun, the analysis seeks to identify the various modalities through which cultural subjects — whose presumed civilizational homogeneity is either no longer asserted or no longer operative — are relegated to the social periphery. It further investigates the weight of literary exoticism in the postcolonial context, and examines in particular the social confinement imposed on women, who are bound to roles shaped by a mythoïd construct of their production and by its Pan-African concretization. Such mechanisms leave them without any genuine capacity to speak for themselves or, when they do, ensure that their voices remain unheard. Social confinement, in this sense, imprisons not only the body but also the voice and the very horizon of possibility.
Keywords: confinement – culture – identity – marginality – violence
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Authors: Aho Fiacre, Aguessy Constant Yelian, Gbaguidi Célestin
Abstract
This study aims to charge dictatorship and coup d’état with the frontline hurdles preventing Africa from developing in spite of her being endowed with abundant natural resources as normally a source of financial and economic happiness. African political elites show disrespect to the fundamental law of their people. To achieve the research objective, we have used qualitative research method that has consisted in exploiting and arguing on the corpus alongside reference books, articles, thesis, and internet sources by way of criticism. The study makes a critical analysis of dictatorship and coups d’état in Africa and exposes the impact they have on the development of the continent. The study reveals that political chaos is caused by the aforementioned evils which undermine stability in Africa. To successfully carry out the study, we have summoned new historicism, postcolonialism, structuralism, performance art and reader-response.
Keywords: dictatorship, coup d’état, hurdles, happiness, fundamental law, political chaos
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